In 1823, Samuel Russell, a child of the Wall Street banking establishment, founded "Russell & Company" the largest opium smuggling operation in the world. Russell and Company was based in Connecticut, and in addition to Chinese tea and silk, specialized in acquiring opium in Turkey and smuggling it to China (16).
In 1830, Russell and Company bought out their primary competitor, the Perkins (Boston) syndicate and thus established Connecticut as the epicenter of the illegal opium trade. Because of the incredible wealth generated, and through his connections to Wall Street, Russell’s company (and thus Connecticut) became an epicenter of illegal and secret political power (16).
The grandfather of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Warren Delano, Jr., served as Chief of Operations, at Russell and Company, and later became a partner (16).
In 1831, William Huntington Russell, half-brother to Samuel, left the United States and Yale college, to spend a year studying in Germany (17). Germany was in a fever, the epicenter of "new ideas" and a scientific revolution in psychology, philosophy, and educational reform. In the new Germany, children were being educated according to the "scientific method." They were taught what to think and how to think it, as well as total obedience to the state.
William Huntington Russell wanted to learn first hand, "The "Scientific Method" and the ideas and philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel held the Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin from 1817 until his death in 1831.
In Germany, the scientific method, and the Hegelian dialectic were being applied to every aspect of human endeavor: through reason and the application of the scientific method, it was possible to create a pre-determined synthesis and thus the most desirable predetermined outcomes (1).
Russell was particularly impressed with the concept of "thesis versus anti-thesis" and Hegel’s historical dialectic: the state is absolute, individuals are granted their freedoms based on their obedience to the state, controlled conflict, by an intellectual elite, can produce a pre-determined outcome.
Russell, being a child of the Wall Street banking elite, quickly realized the implications. Hegel’s philosophy and the "Scientific Method" could be applied to banking: Through controlled conflict, it was possible to create a synthesis in the form of incredible financial wealth. Those engaged in this conflict would require financing.
Controlled conflict, when conducted in secret, would be good for business. Indeed, secrecy is mandated when the dialectic is applied to the creation of "opposing forces" who are to be manipulated into engaging in a "controlled conflict." Secrecy is also necessitated so that the opposing forces do not realize that the same banks are providing funds to both of those in conflict.
Of course, William Huntington Russell was not the first to realize the necessity of secrecy for the purposes of applying Hegel’s dialectic to banking and commerce. Banking requires secrecy, particularly when it comes to laundering incredible sums of money acquired through criminal enterprise and the drug trade.
Long before he arrived in Germany, Russell had learned the value of secrecy. What he wanted was to learn first hand was the Hegelian scientific method. So, it is not surprising that after he enrolled at the University of Berlin, Russell became a member of a secret society which also incorporated Hegelian ideas. Russell joined the secret order of "Skull and Bones" (17). The membership of the Berlin order of Skull and Bones came from the privileged class, the aristocracy, and the families of bankers and the moneyed elite. Russell fit fight in and formed a warm and close relationship with many of its members. When it came time for his to return to America and Yale college, Russell sought and obtained permission to form an American chapter of the secret German Society of Skull and Bones: chapter 322, The Brotherhood of Death (17,18). Russell returned to the United States and Yale College in 1832. Russell, along with his very close friend, Alphonso Taft (the father of William Howard Taft who became President of the U.S. and then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), and 13 other children of the Wall Street elite, established and became the founding members of "The Order of Scull and Bones," later changed to "The Order of Skull and Bones."
The Order of Skull and Bones was to be a super secret society for the elite children of the Anglo-American Wall Street banking establishment (17,18). Its purpose: To generate incredible wealth and power for its members. Presumably, the Order of Skull and Bones exists only at Yale. As detailed in Antony C. Sutton’s superbly researched 1986 text, America’s Secret Establishment (17):"Those on the inside know it as The Order. Others have known it for more than 150 years as Chapter 322 of a German secret society. More formally, for legal purposes, The Order was incorporated as The Russell Trust in 1856. It was also once known as the ‘Brotherhood of Death.’ Those who make light of it, or want to make fun of it, call it ‘Skull & Bones’, or just plain ‘Bones’."
After its founding, Russell and friends hoisted a pirate flag as a symbol and talisman of their brotherhood. The pirate flag has an obvious meaning: death. Pirates are terrorists, murderers, marauders, cutthroats and thieves, answerable to no one, above the law, and without morals and scruples. Soon after its establishment at Yale, the Order of Skull and Bones began to develop an unsavory reputation (17). In October of 1876, an investigative article on The Order, appeared in Volume 1, Number 1, of "The Iconoclast." The Iconoclast was published off campus, in New Haven, "because the college press is closed to those who dare to openly mention Bones’."
The Iconoclast reported evidence of Satanism, i.e. walls covered in black, and in room 322, the..."sanctum sanctorium of the temple...[was] furnished in red velvet...[with] a pentagram on the wall... and in the hall....pictures of the founders of Bones at Yale, and of members of the Society in Germany, when the chapter was established here in 1832." The Iconoclast goes on to report that,"Out of every class Skull and Bones takes its men. They have gone out into the world and have become in many instances, leaders in society. No doubt they are worthy men in themselves, but the many, whom they looked down upon while in college, cannot so far forget as to give money freely into their hands. Bones men care far more for their society than they do for the college." "At first the society held its meetings in hired halls; in 1856, the ‘tomb,’ a vine-covered, windowless, brown-stone hall was built. This is where they hold their strange, occultist initiation rites and meet each Thursday and Sunday." "Year by year the deadly evil is growing," The Iconoclast warned. "The society was never as obnoxious as it is today. Never before has it shown such arrogance and self-fancied superiority. It grasps... and endeavors to rule. It clutches at power with the silence of conscious guilt... a society guilty of serious and far-reaching crimes." An uninvited "guest" to the tomb reported seeing: "On the west wall, an old engraving representing an open burial vault, in which, on a stone slab, rest four human skulls, grouped about a fools cap and bells, an open book, several mathematical instruments, a beggar’s script, and a royal crown (17,18). On the arched wall above the vault are the explanatory words, in Roman letters, ‘We War Der Thor, Wer Weiser, Wer Bettler Oder, Kaiser?’ and below the vault is engraved, in German characters, the sentence; ‘Ob Arm, Ob Beich, im Tode gleich.’"
Although, most certainly, the founding of colleges and universities is to be commended in the most laudatory of terms, not all "Bonesmen" were interested in improving the lot of mankind. Education would be a form of thought control and mankind would serve only one purpose: to engage in controlled conflict, to help create a New World Order, and to thus make the Bonesmen and their banker and business friends very powerful and very rich.
The American civil war offered the Bonesmen and their associates in banking, the first opportunity, in America, to fund controlled conflict. The resulting "synthesis" would include the erosion of democracy at the local level ("states rights"), the elimination of state-chartered "Free Banking" and the establishment of centralized "national" banking and thus the establishment of a few private "national" banks that could be owned and controlled by a handful of families.
From the outset of the American civil war, these private national banks (as well as the "Free" banks), loaned money to both the Union and the Confederacy (20). Many of these bankers also funded and equipped "bushwakers," "death squads," and private militias whose specialties included the torture and assassination of Union or Confederate sympathizers. Neighbors were sometimes "slain before the eyes of their wives and children," some were killed for "fun" (21).
The concept of a bank is quite simple. Money is deposited in the bank for safekeeping, and the bank may pay a small interest fee to depositors in return. This same money is loaned to businesses, governments, and men of means, at a high rate of interest.
This same money can be loaned to those who own the banks, at a 0% interest rate, and the loans may even be "forgiven." A bank is a risk-free money-making machine for those who own the bank. If anyone defaults on a loan, and if the bank goes bankrupt, only the depositors lose money.
With the incredible amounts of money flowing into the coffers of the Guaranty Trust Company, the Harriman family was able to finance and buy the bankrupt Union Pacific Railroad, as well as create the W. A. Harriman investment firm.
Bert Walker (the maternal great-grand-father to the current George Walker Bush clan) was one of Harriman’s principal partners. Bert Walker had sought and lost the Republican presidential nomination, but in so doing, had established himself as a member of the Republican power-elite (23).
In the 1930s, Bush, Harriman, and Rockefeller, established themselves as enemies of democracy by going into business with Hitler, and by importing Nazism to the United States. As detailed in chapter 2, it is because Bush was still in business with the Nazis after Hitler declared war on the U.S., that several of his companies, including the Hamburg-Amerika shipping line, was confiscated by the government of the United States.
History was repeating itself, for at the close of the first world war, and Germany’s defeat, the Hamburg-Amerika’s commercial shipping fleet was first confiscated by the American government in 1919—part of the spoils of war.
In 1920, the Harrimans became the new owners of Hamburg- Amerika. The Harrimans also obtained the exclusive right to 50% of all shipping business that originated in Hamburg and 100% control of all activities of the Hamburg line that originated in the United States.
In 1931, Harriman & Co. merged with Brown Brothers to become one of the biggest investment banks in the world. Prescott Bush became a senior partner in the new firm. That same year, George Walker began running the North American operations of the Hamburg-Amerika shipping line under the auspices of Walker’s American Shipping & Commerce, which in turn was controlled by a holding company called the Harriman Fifteen. Averell Harriman, George Walker, and Prescott Bush were the directors of this holding company and thus the owners of the Hamburg-Amerika line (4,23).
Three years later, U.S. government investigators determined that several of the directors of the Hamburg-Amerika line, were major contributors to the Nazi Party. These men, it was determined, had provided a wealth of funds to Hitler for his 1932 election campaign (12). Prescott Bush was one of these men. Prescott Bush was financing Nazi terrorism as a means of destabilizing Germany’s democratic government and catapulting Hitler to power. Prescott Bush and one of the companies that he directed, the Hamburg-Amerika Line, was identified by the U.S. embassy in Berlin as providing the funds to support Hitler’s "costly election campaigns’’ and "the cost of maintaining a private army of 300,000 to 400,000 men." It was these men who spread terror throughout Germany.
As detailed by Tarpley and Chaitkin (24), "The American embassy also reported that the Hamburg-Amerika Line was purchasing and distributing propaganda attacks against the German government, for attempting this last-minute crackdown on Hitler’s forces." After Hitler came to power, the Hamburg-Amerika Line also began financing Nazi propaganda and subsidizing pro-Nazi newspapers here in the U.S. The purpose of this propaganda was clear. The Bonesmen were not just seeking to support Nazi Germany, but were seeking to undermine the constitutional government of the United States (4,24). The Bonesmen were sworn enemies of democracy. was of the same opinion: "I sincerely believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. Already they have raised up a money aristocracy that has set the government at defiance. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people to whom it properly belongs." In 1863, after a failed attempt to bring the banks under centralized government control, President Lincoln and Congress took the advice of his Secretary of the Treasury and the northern banking establishment, and created a national banking system and a uniform national currency to be issued only by "national banks" (20).
The National Banking Act of 1863 and a subsequent law passed in 1865 (which levied a 10-percent tax on State banks) put the free banks out of existence. The control of the national banks was put squarely into the hands of the members of the order of Skull and Bones (20).
It wasn’t just banking but money which was put under the control of a handful of individuals. National Bank Notes were printed by private bank note companies under contract to the Federal government.
The Guaranty Trust Company was one of the national banks which emerged during the war between the states. The Guaranty Trust Company, established in 1864, was controlled almost entirely by families whose sons were, or would soon become, members of Skull and Bones: Vanderbilt, Whitney, and Harriman (17,22).
In 1830, Russell and Company bought out their primary competitor, the Perkins (Boston) syndicate and thus established Connecticut as the epicenter of the illegal opium trade. Because of the incredible wealth generated, and through his connections to Wall Street, Russell’s company (and thus Connecticut) became an epicenter of illegal and secret political power (16).
The grandfather of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Warren Delano, Jr., served as Chief of Operations, at Russell and Company, and later became a partner (16).
In 1831, William Huntington Russell, half-brother to Samuel, left the United States and Yale college, to spend a year studying in Germany (17). Germany was in a fever, the epicenter of "new ideas" and a scientific revolution in psychology, philosophy, and educational reform. In the new Germany, children were being educated according to the "scientific method." They were taught what to think and how to think it, as well as total obedience to the state.
William Huntington Russell wanted to learn first hand, "The "Scientific Method" and the ideas and philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel held the Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin from 1817 until his death in 1831.
In Germany, the scientific method, and the Hegelian dialectic were being applied to every aspect of human endeavor: through reason and the application of the scientific method, it was possible to create a pre-determined synthesis and thus the most desirable predetermined outcomes (1).
Russell was particularly impressed with the concept of "thesis versus anti-thesis" and Hegel’s historical dialectic: the state is absolute, individuals are granted their freedoms based on their obedience to the state, controlled conflict, by an intellectual elite, can produce a pre-determined outcome.
Russell, being a child of the Wall Street banking elite, quickly realized the implications. Hegel’s philosophy and the "Scientific Method" could be applied to banking: Through controlled conflict, it was possible to create a synthesis in the form of incredible financial wealth. Those engaged in this conflict would require financing.
Controlled conflict, when conducted in secret, would be good for business. Indeed, secrecy is mandated when the dialectic is applied to the creation of "opposing forces" who are to be manipulated into engaging in a "controlled conflict." Secrecy is also necessitated so that the opposing forces do not realize that the same banks are providing funds to both of those in conflict.
Of course, William Huntington Russell was not the first to realize the necessity of secrecy for the purposes of applying Hegel’s dialectic to banking and commerce. Banking requires secrecy, particularly when it comes to laundering incredible sums of money acquired through criminal enterprise and the drug trade.
Long before he arrived in Germany, Russell had learned the value of secrecy. What he wanted was to learn first hand was the Hegelian scientific method. So, it is not surprising that after he enrolled at the University of Berlin, Russell became a member of a secret society which also incorporated Hegelian ideas. Russell joined the secret order of "Skull and Bones" (17). The membership of the Berlin order of Skull and Bones came from the privileged class, the aristocracy, and the families of bankers and the moneyed elite. Russell fit fight in and formed a warm and close relationship with many of its members. When it came time for his to return to America and Yale college, Russell sought and obtained permission to form an American chapter of the secret German Society of Skull and Bones: chapter 322, The Brotherhood of Death (17,18). Russell returned to the United States and Yale College in 1832. Russell, along with his very close friend, Alphonso Taft (the father of William Howard Taft who became President of the U.S. and then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), and 13 other children of the Wall Street elite, established and became the founding members of "The Order of Scull and Bones," later changed to "The Order of Skull and Bones."
The Order of Skull and Bones was to be a super secret society for the elite children of the Anglo-American Wall Street banking establishment (17,18). Its purpose: To generate incredible wealth and power for its members. Presumably, the Order of Skull and Bones exists only at Yale. As detailed in Antony C. Sutton’s superbly researched 1986 text, America’s Secret Establishment (17):"Those on the inside know it as The Order. Others have known it for more than 150 years as Chapter 322 of a German secret society. More formally, for legal purposes, The Order was incorporated as The Russell Trust in 1856. It was also once known as the ‘Brotherhood of Death.’ Those who make light of it, or want to make fun of it, call it ‘Skull & Bones’, or just plain ‘Bones’."
THE BROTHERHOOD OF DEATH I
After its founding, Russell and friends hoisted a pirate flag as a symbol and talisman of their brotherhood. The pirate flag has an obvious meaning: death. Pirates are terrorists, murderers, marauders, cutthroats and thieves, answerable to no one, above the law, and without morals and scruples. Soon after its establishment at Yale, the Order of Skull and Bones began to develop an unsavory reputation (17). In October of 1876, an investigative article on The Order, appeared in Volume 1, Number 1, of "The Iconoclast." The Iconoclast was published off campus, in New Haven, "because the college press is closed to those who dare to openly mention Bones’."
The Iconoclast reported evidence of Satanism, i.e. walls covered in black, and in room 322, the..."sanctum sanctorium of the temple...[was] furnished in red velvet...[with] a pentagram on the wall... and in the hall....pictures of the founders of Bones at Yale, and of members of the Society in Germany, when the chapter was established here in 1832." The Iconoclast goes on to report that,"Out of every class Skull and Bones takes its men. They have gone out into the world and have become in many instances, leaders in society. No doubt they are worthy men in themselves, but the many, whom they looked down upon while in college, cannot so far forget as to give money freely into their hands. Bones men care far more for their society than they do for the college." "At first the society held its meetings in hired halls; in 1856, the ‘tomb,’ a vine-covered, windowless, brown-stone hall was built. This is where they hold their strange, occultist initiation rites and meet each Thursday and Sunday." "Year by year the deadly evil is growing," The Iconoclast warned. "The society was never as obnoxious as it is today. Never before has it shown such arrogance and self-fancied superiority. It grasps... and endeavors to rule. It clutches at power with the silence of conscious guilt... a society guilty of serious and far-reaching crimes." An uninvited "guest" to the tomb reported seeing: "On the west wall, an old engraving representing an open burial vault, in which, on a stone slab, rest four human skulls, grouped about a fools cap and bells, an open book, several mathematical instruments, a beggar’s script, and a royal crown (17,18). On the arched wall above the vault are the explanatory words, in Roman letters, ‘We War Der Thor, Wer Weiser, Wer Bettler Oder, Kaiser?’ and below the vault is engraved, in German characters, the sentence; ‘Ob Arm, Ob Beich, im Tode gleich.’"
The English translation of the German words reads as follows: "Who was the fool, who the wise man, beggar or king? Whether poor or rich, all’s the same in death." And what does that mean? There are no morals. There is no right or wrong. The ends justify the means. Everything ends the same, "in death." For the next 30 years after its founding, various members of The Order of Skull and Bones made a pilgrimage to Germany and the University of Berlin (17). The University of Berlin was Ground Zero for the study of Hegelian principles and the "scientific method" as applied to business, government, education, psychology, and the acquisition of power and wealth.
In Germany, the state had taken complete responsibility for the education of children. The purpose of a German education was to mold the character and thinking of all German citizens and to make them obedient to the German state (1). These Hegelian principles were absorbed by the visiting Bonesman, three of which, upon returning to America, applied these principles at home (17).
Timothy Dwight (class of 1849) became Professor in the Yale Divinity School and then 12th President of Yale University. Daniel Coit Gilman (class of 1852) became the first President of the University of California, first President of the Johns Hopkins University and first President of the Carnegie Institution. Andrew Dickson White (class of 1853) became the first President of Cornell University.
For these three "Bonesmen," a university education was the key to shaping the thoughts, prejudices, and ideas of future generations and training those who would someday become the future leaders of America. Of course, these noble "Bonesmen" had no interest in providing a university education to the masses. A university education was only for the children of the rich and powerful; men who would seek to fulfill the Hegelian dialectic and the eventual creation of a new world order which would be ruled over by the moneyed elite.
In Germany, the state had taken complete responsibility for the education of children. The purpose of a German education was to mold the character and thinking of all German citizens and to make them obedient to the German state (1). These Hegelian principles were absorbed by the visiting Bonesman, three of which, upon returning to America, applied these principles at home (17).
Timothy Dwight (class of 1849) became Professor in the Yale Divinity School and then 12th President of Yale University. Daniel Coit Gilman (class of 1852) became the first President of the University of California, first President of the Johns Hopkins University and first President of the Carnegie Institution. Andrew Dickson White (class of 1853) became the first President of Cornell University.
For these three "Bonesmen," a university education was the key to shaping the thoughts, prejudices, and ideas of future generations and training those who would someday become the future leaders of America. Of course, these noble "Bonesmen" had no interest in providing a university education to the masses. A university education was only for the children of the rich and powerful; men who would seek to fulfill the Hegelian dialectic and the eventual creation of a new world order which would be ruled over by the moneyed elite.
Although, most certainly, the founding of colleges and universities is to be commended in the most laudatory of terms, not all "Bonesmen" were interested in improving the lot of mankind. Education would be a form of thought control and mankind would serve only one purpose: to engage in controlled conflict, to help create a New World Order, and to thus make the Bonesmen and their banker and business friends very powerful and very rich.
The American civil war offered the Bonesmen and their associates in banking, the first opportunity, in America, to fund controlled conflict. The resulting "synthesis" would include the erosion of democracy at the local level ("states rights"), the elimination of state-chartered "Free Banking" and the establishment of centralized "national" banking and thus the establishment of a few private "national" banks that could be owned and controlled by a handful of families.
From the outset of the American civil war, these private national banks (as well as the "Free" banks), loaned money to both the Union and the Confederacy (20). Many of these bankers also funded and equipped "bushwakers," "death squads," and private militias whose specialties included the torture and assassination of Union or Confederate sympathizers. Neighbors were sometimes "slain before the eyes of their wives and children," some were killed for "fun" (21).
Not uncommonly these "death squads" would pick "off neighbors one by one," ambushing and assassinating suspected enemies, and spreading terror. Every man, armed or unarmed, was fair game. Men were shot down in their fields, on their doorsteps, while on the road. Men taken captive were scalped, beheaded, castrated, and mutilated. Crops, homes and entire towns were burned (21).
The owners of these banks, these merchants of death, essentially funded the war and the many competing death squads in order to reap the incredible, staggering profits. Indeed, by the end of the war, over $6.6 billion dollars in direct costs (that is, in 1860s dollars) had been consumed by the civil war and the government of the Union and Confederacy (20).
War and terror were good business.
The owners of these banks, these merchants of death, essentially funded the war and the many competing death squads in order to reap the incredible, staggering profits. Indeed, by the end of the war, over $6.6 billion dollars in direct costs (that is, in 1860s dollars) had been consumed by the civil war and the government of the Union and Confederacy (20).
War and terror were good business.
The merchants of death made incredible fortunes. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln identified this moneyed elite, as the enemies of mankind and the enemies of the United States of America: "The money powers prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than a monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. It denounces, as public enemies, all who question its methods or throw Light upon its crimes. I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. Of the two, the one at my rear is my greatest foe... corporations have been enthroned, and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until the wealth is aggregated in the hands of a few, and the Republic is destroyed."
—Abraham Lincoln
Thomas Jefferson
THE BROTHERHOOD OF SHIPPING & BANKING: HITLER’S ANGELS
The concept of a bank is quite simple. Money is deposited in the bank for safekeeping, and the bank may pay a small interest fee to depositors in return. This same money is loaned to businesses, governments, and men of means, at a high rate of interest.
This same money can be loaned to those who own the banks, at a 0% interest rate, and the loans may even be "forgiven." A bank is a risk-free money-making machine for those who own the bank. If anyone defaults on a loan, and if the bank goes bankrupt, only the depositors lose money.
With the incredible amounts of money flowing into the coffers of the Guaranty Trust Company, the Harriman family was able to finance and buy the bankrupt Union Pacific Railroad, as well as create the W. A. Harriman investment firm.
Bert Walker (the maternal great-grand-father to the current George Walker Bush clan) was one of Harriman’s principal partners. Bert Walker had sought and lost the Republican presidential nomination, but in so doing, had established himself as a member of the Republican power-elite (23).
Bert Walker and then later, his son, George Walker, were not only partners with the Harrimans, but, due to their Republican credentials, were well situated to influence the administrations of successive Republican presidents. The Harrimans were also partners with the Rockefellers. The Harriman railroad shipped the oil pumped out of the ground by John D rockefeller, the founder of Standard Oil.
Samuel P. Bush—the father of Prescott, was also in business with the Harriman-Walker-Rockefeller clique. Samuel P. Bush, owned Buckeye Steel Castings Co. which manufactured parts for the Harriman railroad company (23).
It is men likes these, if not these very men, who Lincoln referred to as,"The money powers [who] prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity... until the wealth is aggregated in the hands of a few, and the Republic is destroyed."
Samuel P. Bush—the father of Prescott, was also in business with the Harriman-Walker-Rockefeller clique. Samuel P. Bush, owned Buckeye Steel Castings Co. which manufactured parts for the Harriman railroad company (23).
It is men likes these, if not these very men, who Lincoln referred to as,"The money powers [who] prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity... until the wealth is aggregated in the hands of a few, and the Republic is destroyed."
TRADING WITH THE ENEMY
History was repeating itself, for at the close of the first world war, and Germany’s defeat, the Hamburg-Amerika’s commercial shipping fleet was first confiscated by the American government in 1919—part of the spoils of war.
In 1920, the Harrimans became the new owners of Hamburg- Amerika. The Harrimans also obtained the exclusive right to 50% of all shipping business that originated in Hamburg and 100% control of all activities of the Hamburg line that originated in the United States.
In 1931, Harriman & Co. merged with Brown Brothers to become one of the biggest investment banks in the world. Prescott Bush became a senior partner in the new firm. That same year, George Walker began running the North American operations of the Hamburg-Amerika shipping line under the auspices of Walker’s American Shipping & Commerce, which in turn was controlled by a holding company called the Harriman Fifteen. Averell Harriman, George Walker, and Prescott Bush were the directors of this holding company and thus the owners of the Hamburg-Amerika line (4,23).
Three years later, U.S. government investigators determined that several of the directors of the Hamburg-Amerika line, were major contributors to the Nazi Party. These men, it was determined, had provided a wealth of funds to Hitler for his 1932 election campaign (12). Prescott Bush was one of these men. Prescott Bush was financing Nazi terrorism as a means of destabilizing Germany’s democratic government and catapulting Hitler to power. Prescott Bush and one of the companies that he directed, the Hamburg-Amerika Line, was identified by the U.S. embassy in Berlin as providing the funds to support Hitler’s "costly election campaigns’’ and "the cost of maintaining a private army of 300,000 to 400,000 men." It was these men who spread terror throughout Germany.
As detailed by Tarpley and Chaitkin (24), "The American embassy also reported that the Hamburg-Amerika Line was purchasing and distributing propaganda attacks against the German government, for attempting this last-minute crackdown on Hitler’s forces." After Hitler came to power, the Hamburg-Amerika Line also began financing Nazi propaganda and subsidizing pro-Nazi newspapers here in the U.S. The purpose of this propaganda was clear. The Bonesmen were not just seeking to support Nazi Germany, but were seeking to undermine the constitutional government of the United States (4,24). The Bonesmen were sworn enemies of democracy. was of the same opinion: "I sincerely believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. Already they have raised up a money aristocracy that has set the government at defiance. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people to whom it properly belongs." In 1863, after a failed attempt to bring the banks under centralized government control, President Lincoln and Congress took the advice of his Secretary of the Treasury and the northern banking establishment, and created a national banking system and a uniform national currency to be issued only by "national banks" (20).
The National Banking Act of 1863 and a subsequent law passed in 1865 (which levied a 10-percent tax on State banks) put the free banks out of existence. The control of the national banks was put squarely into the hands of the members of the order of Skull and Bones (20).
It wasn’t just banking but money which was put under the control of a handful of individuals. National Bank Notes were printed by private bank note companies under contract to the Federal government.
The Guaranty Trust Company was one of the national banks which emerged during the war between the states. The Guaranty Trust Company, established in 1864, was controlled almost entirely by families whose sons were, or would soon become, members of Skull and Bones: Vanderbilt, Whitney, and Harriman (17,22).
IT ALL BEGINS AT YALE: SKULL & BONES
The Order of Skull and Bones, however, is certainly not a college fraternity fun-house. Rather, the purpose of Skull and Bones is the application of skull duggery, piracy, and the scientific method to the creation of power, wealth, and the inducement of controlled conflict between opposing individuals, businesses, and states. The Order of Skull and Bones is also geared to promote the mutual success of its members in the post-collegiate world. Hence, only those of the incoming senior class become members (17,18) and membership is retained for life. Each year fifteen juniors are selected by the graduating seniors to be initiated into next year’s group. New members are reportedly given a large sum of money, and a clock—the significance of which is to remind them that the Order of Skull and Bones is timeless.
As detailed by Antony Sutton (17) it is the "timeless" nature of this secret brotherhood which provides it with continuity and thus the capacity to build up both vertical and horizontal "chains of influence." These multi-generational chains of influence ensure the success of its members in their varied schemes, be it drug smuggling or the creation and financing of controlled conflict for the purposes of acquiring power and incredible wealth.
Prescott George h.w bush and his son george w bush, are alumni of Yale and members of Skull and Bones (17,19).
As detailed by Antony Sutton (17) it is the "timeless" nature of this secret brotherhood which provides it with continuity and thus the capacity to build up both vertical and horizontal "chains of influence." These multi-generational chains of influence ensure the success of its members in their varied schemes, be it drug smuggling or the creation and financing of controlled conflict for the purposes of acquiring power and incredible wealth.
Prescott George h.w bush and his son george w bush, are alumni of Yale and members of Skull and Bones (17,19).
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